Fathering, An Option? :: essays research papers

As of late the issue whether lesbians or single ladies ought to reserve the option to the entrance of IVF treatment has realized the contention of the significance of men in the errand of raising youngsters. Fathers are being diminished to the job of just sperm contributors and are therefore dismissed as a significant factor in child rearing. There is noteworthy proof that focuses to a scope of advantages for youngsters who have dynamic dads. These incorporate *greater desire, regard for the other gender, more grounded sexual character, higher confidence, better accomplishment at school, and less conduct issues. It appears that these advantages have more to do with the significance of fathering jobs than exclusively having a subsequent individual child rearing. This appears as though enough proof to help the significance of fathers yet lesbians and other single ladies despite everything appear to be prepared to remove these advantages from their own kids. Men parent uniquely in contrast to ladies and furthermore contribute diversely to the advancement of their youngsters. Fathers relate best through their movement with the youngsters and by and large get various reactions from their inclusion. *Children typically partner their dads with the exercises they appreciate doing with them. For a fact, I realize that it is so charming to play sport with my father. Once in a while does my mom state â€Å"lets go out and kick the ball around†. These brandishing aptitudes that are gotten from playing sport with a dad, help in the acknowledgment from other kids when playing sport. This can prompt a higher confidence and greater pleasure with regards to taking an interest in sport. Better results for young men lie in getting them closer in contact with men. Exploration has demonstrated that *the socialization process separates in youngsters when they have almost no contact with men. This can antagonistically influence the youngster later on throughout everyday life. Additionally, contemplates have demonstrated that *boys like to associate with men more than they do ladies. How frequently have you heard little youngsters state they need to be much the same as their dads? Fathers are typically viewed as their main good example. By Fathers getting close with kids and giving them love and warmth they can impact the kids by telling them the best way to act towards others. Note that men effectsly affect young men, yet additionally the commitment to the advancement of young ladies. *Girls increase direct information on how the men around them think, feel, and act in their present condition. Fathering, An Option? :: expositions research papers As of late the issue whether lesbians or single ladies ought to reserve the privilege to the entrance of IVF treatment has realized the contention of the significance of men in the undertaking of raising kids. Fathers are being decreased to the job of just sperm givers and are subsequently ignored as a significant factor in child rearing. There is critical proof that focuses to a scope of advantages for kids who have dynamic dads. These incorporate *greater desire, regard for the other gender, more grounded sexual character, higher confidence, better accomplishment at school, and less social issues. It appears that these advantages have more to do with the significance of fathering jobs than exclusively having a subsequent individual child rearing. This appears as though enough proof to help the significance of fathers however lesbians and other single ladies despite everything appear to be prepared to remove these advantages from their own youngsters. Men parent uniquely in contrast to ladies and furthermore contribute contrastingly to the advancement of their kids. Fathers relate best through their movement with the kids and by and large get various reactions from their association. *Children normally partner their dads with the exercises they appreciate doing with them. As a matter of fact, I realize that it is so charming to play sport with my father. Infrequently does my mom state â€Å"lets go out and kick the ball around†. These wearing aptitudes that are gotten from playing sport with a dad, help in the acknowledgment from other youngsters when playing sport. This can prompt a higher confidence and greater satisfaction with regards to partaking in sport. Better results for young men lie in getting them closer in contact with men. Exploration has demonstrated that *the socialization process separates in kids when they have almost no contact with men. This can antagonistically influence the youngster later on throughout everyday life. Likewise, considers have demonstrated that *boys like to associate with men more than they do ladies. How frequently have you heard little fellows state they need to be much the same as their dads? Fathers are generally viewed as their main good example. By Fathers getting close with youngsters and giving them love and fondness they can impact the kids by telling them the best way to act towards others. Note that men effectsly affect young men, yet in addition the commitment to the improvement of young ladies. *Girls increase direct information on how the men around them think, feel, and act in their present condition.

Ambitiously Authentic What Ive Learned about Funding My Dream

Eagerly Authentic What Ive Learned about Funding My Dream Ive lost check of the grant and residency applications Ive had dismissed. In any case, in 2014, I won a grant to the Wesleyan Writers Conference, and this year I was respected to be an Artist in Residence at Trail Wood, the remembrance haven and previous home of nature essayist Edwin Way Teale. Ive contemplated the distinction between my earlier endeavors and my successes, and here are a couple of exercises I learned: Go nearby: FundsforWriters (FFW) frequently records state-or district explicit awards - watch for them! Far-away areas dont essentially equivalent distinction or a more elevated level of accomplishment. My inspirations for going neighborhood were in any event to some degree because of restricted time and cash for movement, however nature with the physical areas (both in Connecticut, my home state) and the nearby culture had any kind of effect as far as how I wrote my applications, and, likely, how judges acknowledged them. Go specialty: Even if your work crosses sorts, take responsibility for explicit composing class. At the point when I at long last made sense of that nature composing was my thing, the tide started to move. At the point when I applied for the journalists meeting grant, my voice took on an increasingly certain tone as I discussed my claim to fame. On account of the residency, the Connecticut Audubon Society looked for essayists with a solid enthusiasm for nature. Once more, FFW records a considerable lot of these specialty grants for classes, for example, puzzle scholars, writers, or explicit segment gatherings. Act naturally: In all types of composing, veritable radiates through. My applications included excitement and disclosures about my character, while being mindful so as not to try too hard Dont hold back on inquire about: If you can visit the physical area of your chance, do it to figure out the spot. However, regardless of whether a visit is conceivable, look into the historical backdrop of the honor and its previous beneficiaries and read portrayals of the spot/occasion. This will cause a tone that reflects inside and out comprehension of the honor. Other than having the option to visit my expected honor regions, I scoured the application sites and different hotspots for subtleties that impacted me and educated my accommodation. Plan ahead and find a steady speed: Savvy research and credibility wont help on the off chance that you arent reasonable about composing admirably ahead of time of cutoff time, permitting time for some revamps. Setting achievement dates and updates in my electronic schedule helped me remain on target. Its additionally essential to dodge trigger finger. In the same way as other journalists, I will in general send turn out to be rashly, determined Pick your perusers cautiously: Read up on the challenge judges; consider that at times the appointed authorities are not journalists. Ask confided in companions/associates to peruse your work, giving close consideration to their general responses and explicit remarks. For my situation, the contribution of some deliberately picked nonwriters was as significant as that of my friends. It ought to abandon saying that you additionally need to focus on details - word check limits, composing test position, and so on. Check your neutralize the rules a last time. At the point when you hit the send button or the mail station, you can be sure that youve put forth a valiant effort and improved your chances. For my situation, the work I put in was compensated many occasions over it might be said of satisfaction at last discovering financing for a longstanding dream. I wish the equivalent for each persevering author.

How J.K. Rowling Puts a Spell on Her Readers (and How You Can, Too)

How J.K. Rowling Puts a Spell on Her Readers (and How You Can, Too) In 1994, J.K. Rowling, the imaginative author behind the Harry Potter franchise, was living on public assistance in Edinburgh, Scotland. As a single mother and estranged from her abusive husband, she was jobless and clinically depressed, but used the time while her daughter was napping to write Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone in coffeehouses. It was an idea that occurred to her on a train ride four years earlier, and one she couldnt shake.Fast-forward ten years later, when in 2004, Forbes estimated Rowlings worth to be at $1 billion, making her the first billion-dollar author. Since the first book was published, the Harry Potter fantasy books have won multiple awards, and sold more than 500 million copies, earning a spot in the Guinness World Records as the best-selling book series for children in history. If there was ever an author success story, Rowling has it. And for anyone looking for the same success in their own writing, here are some of her secrets to putting a spell on her readers.Dont follow the rulesA quick Google search reveals that there are just as many rules about writing and publishing as there are websites offering advice on both (and thats a lot!). Make an outline or dont, know your ending before beginning chapter one or just start putting words on the page; its advice that can be as inconsistent as it is abundant. However, according to Rowling, rules can get in the way of your best work. She writes:I have to say that I cant stand lists of must dos, whether in life or in writing. Something rebels in me when Im told what I have to do before Im fifty, or have to buy this season, or have to write if I want to be a success.I havent got ten rules that guarantee success, although I promise Id share them if I did. The truth is that I found success by stumbling off alone in a direction most people thought was a dead end, breaking all the 1990s shibboleths about childrens books in the process. Male protagonists are unfashionable. Boarding scho ols are anathema. No kids book should be longer than 45,000 words.J.K. Rowling, On WritingRead voraciouslyWhile Rowling admits that breaking rules can often work out better than following them, she does list some you probably wont get far withouts that can make or break your success as a writer. At the top of that list is being a devoted reader.This is especially for younger writers. You cant be a good writer without being a devoted reader. Reading is the best way of analysing what makes a good book. Notice what works and what doesnt, what you enjoyed and why. At first youll probably imitate your favourite writers, but thats a good way to learn. After a while, youll find your own distinctive voice.J.K. Rowling, On WritingDevelop disciplineAccording to Rowling, Moments of pure inspiration are glorious, but most of a writers life is, to adapt the old cliché, about perspiration rather than inspiration. Sometimes you have to write even when the muse isnt cooperating.The kind of discipl ine shes referring to means setting daily word count goals and sticking to them, even on days when you dont feel particularly inspired. And Rowling isnt the only one. Hemingway was said to have written between 500 and 1,000 words a day, and Stephen King sets 2,000 words a day as his goal. Simply putâ€"if you wait for inspiration to strike before you write, youll likely never get a novel written.Writing a best-seller requires discipline and a daily word count goal. Photo by Pixabay on Pexels.Have resilience and humilityIf there is anyone who understands the pay-off of resilience, its a writer worth billions who began her best work while living below the poverty line. But along with resilience, she notes that humility is just as important, and the two often go hand-in-hand.…Rejection and criticism are part of a writers life. Informed feedback is useful and necessary, but some of the greatest writers were rejected multiple times. Being able to pick yourself up and keep going is inval uable if youre to survive your work being publicly assessed. The harshest critic is often inside your own head. These days, I can usually calm that particular critic down by feeding her a biscuit and giving her a break, although in the early days I sometimes had to take a week off before shed take a more kindly view of the work in progress. Part of the reason there were seven years between having the idea for Philosophers Stone and getting it published, was that I kept putting the manuscript away for months at a time, convinced it was rubbish.J.K. Rowling, On WritingHave courageIn the middle of receiving criticism and rejection from all sides, it takes a lot of courage for a writer to continue the extensive work that is required to create a manuscriptâ€"something out of nothing and without the promise of publication and payout. For many, the fear of failure can be overwhelming enough to put down the pen (or close the laptop) and stop writing for good.Thats why courage is so importan t for any writers journey. Rowling puts it like this:Fear of failure is the saddest reason on earth not to do what you were meant to do. I finally found the courage to start submitting my first book to agents and publishers at a time when I felt a conspicuous failure. Only then did I decide that I was going to try this one thing that I always suspected I could do, and, if it didnt work out, well, Id faced worse and survived. Ultimately, wouldnt you rather be the person who actually finished the project youre dreaming about, rather than the one who talks about always having wanted to?J.K. Rowling, On WritingThink independentlyAs with being willing to break the rules, thinking for yourself will set you on the right course to writing bestselling novels that readers cant get enough of. Unless youre attempting to write a formulaic story that wont stand out from the pack, allowing others to think for you in the process is a mistake. Rowling suggests to resist the pressure to think you hav e to follow all the Top Ten Tips religiously, which these days take the form not just of online lists, but of entire books promising to tell you how to write a bestseller/what you MUST do to be published/how to make a million dollars from writing.She also suggests a website called Writer Beware, noting that its a great resource for new and aspiring authors to learn what services are worth paying for and what should be avoided at all costs.Ultimately, in writing as in life, your job is to do the best you can, improving your own inherent limitations where possible, learning as much as you can and accepting that perfect works of art are only slightly less rare than perfect human beings. Ive often taken comfort from Robert Benchleys words: It took me fifteen years to discover I had no talent for writing, but I couldnt give it up, because by that time I was too famous.J.K. Rowling, On WritingUse worldbuilding to immerse your readerJ.K. Rowlings fantastical world of wizards and witches is more than the characters within it. Its a unique, well-thought-out setting that translated into a distinctive, memorable setting for top-grossing movies and even a theme park called The Wizarding World of Harry Potter, which is now open at Universal Studios Hollywood.Rowling created a world that was immersive enough to be made into a theme park. Photo by Troy Jarrell on Unsplash.Rowling achieved this through details spanning seemingly mundane topics, from what wizards and witches ate to the curiosity of moving photographs that graced their newspapers. In zooming in on these details, Rowling helped readers become immersed in a world that is vastly different than that of the muggles (or non-magical folks).Use gerunds in dialogue tags, varied sentence length, and simple verbsBeyond advice and toward stylistic choices, author J.H. Trumble looks at Rowlings style and tone to determine exactly how she manages to cast a spell on her readers and make them hungry for more. He notes that Row ling uses the following writing methods:Extensive use of semicolonsThe serial commaDialog tags that usually precede the name of the character speaking, but following if she wants to include an adverb (Hermione said brightly or he said feebly).Adverbs used sparinglyUnderstated humorUnderstated emotion, avoiding melodramaEllipsesDashes to show interrupted dialogParenthesisParticipial phrases employing the -ing form of verbs--used after a dialog tag to indicate what the character is doing. Examples: said Mrs. Weasley, beaming at him, said Mrs. Weasley, watching him anxiously, said Hermione, hurrying into the kitchen, He said feebly, pointing toward the window.Varied sentence lengthTension created mostly through observation and action, with introspection kept to a minimum. (She ignored this. He could not blame her.)Simple verb choicesStraightforward description with little to no commentary (almost cinematic and what youd expect a camera to pick up)Wingardium leviosaAs Rowlings own past shows, crafting a great story involves finding your own path as a storyteller and walking it with courage, determination, and discipline. Wingardium leviosa, one of the favored spells from Harry Potters world, causes levitationâ€"and thats exactly what has to happen to put a spell on your readers. Focus on writing words and creating worlds that can rise from the page to become something other than mere words; make them come to life in the minds of your readers and your bestseller will be inevitable.

Racial Profiling A Loss of Mutual Respect - 639 Words

America; the â€Å"so called Melting Pot†, where people can become as one. Excuse me but may I be the first one to say, this is far from the truth. People are constantly judging and being judged by others. This â€Å"obligation† we all seem to get, in the midst of this action, is one of our greatest character flaws. Whether we choose to accept it or not, everything that revolves around judgement is fear. A fear to be different, a fear to be seen differently, a fear of not being accepted. It is sad to me to think that most people are afraid of being themselves, instead they are trying to find their way to fitting in this world. It is what consumes and brain washes our society into thinking that we are some how superior than the person next to us. It angers me that I am apart of this â€Å"never ending† cycle, that needs to be dealt with. However, when you are constantly around people that judge one another based on their appearance, their actions, or even where th ey may come from, it’s hard not to develop the same opinions. My frustration with this is that if we America, Home of the Free, then why are we constantly taking away peoples rights? An example of this is the stop and frisk law, racial profiling, and airport security policies. The stop and frisk law; The situation in which a police officer, suspicious of an individual, detains the person, runs their hands lightly over the suspect’s outer garments, that determines if the person is carrying a concealed weapon or drugs. This lawShow MoreRelatedBrand Communication Strategy3796 Words   |  16 Pagesor encyclopaedia) National strategy: 10 rules as a reference for the 10 commandments, religious connotations of core values. They have values and strongly believes in it. Or, if they change their beliefs to join the Chinese market they could loss their credibility in the other markets. Social and commercial communication in China: not possible over a long term, creates problem, domino effect†¦ They have to choose between the two. If google choose the commercial way they have to forget aboutRead MoreThe Guadalupe Center : A Religious Nonprofit Organization3478 Words   |  14 Pageswomen, severe iron deficiency anemia has been linked to premature births and low birth weight babies.† (Mayo Clinic, 2014, para. 2). According to the American Society of hematology â€Å"Being anemic also burdens the mother by increasing the risk of blood loss during labor and making it more difficult to fight infections† (n.d., para.3). Two days later the client went to the Guadalupe Center to talk to the intern, the intern present â€Å"Susana† with a folder for expecting mother that has valuable informationRead MoreRacism and Ethnic Discrimination44667 Words   |  179 Pageseconomies 5.6 Manifestations of ethnic discrimination in the juridical-legal sphere 5.6.1 Recognition and exercise of human rights 5.6.2 Limitations on the exercise of autonomy and self-government 5.6.3 Limitations on access to justice 5.6.4 Racial profiling and ethnic stereotypes 5.7 Manifestations of ethnic discrimination in the political sphere 5.7.1 Unequal relations with the State 5.7.2 Lack of access to State posts 5.7.3 Limited political participation 49 52 53 54 54 57 58 Read MoreAetna Case7200 Words   |  29 Pagesdiversity issues. For example, 2009 is the â€Å"Year of the Woman† at Aetna, where it will celebrate 100 years of employment of women. Aetna’s diversity activities have a long history. Since 1982, Aetna has published an African-American History calendar, proï ¬ ling 12 well-known and lesser-known African-Americans in a variety of ï ¬ elds and professions each year. In that same year, Arthur Ashe, famed tennis player and world citizen, was voted to the Aetna board of directors. Ashe was not the ï ¬ rst African AmericanRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesAuthority should not be concentrated at the top of the chain of command. Unity of Direction The organization should have a single plan of action to guide managers and workers. Equity All organizational members are entitled to be treated with justice and respect. Order The arrangement of organizational positions should maximize organizational efï ¬ ciency and provide employees with satisfying career opportunities. Initiative Managers should allow employees to be innovative and creative. Discipline Managers needRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagessubgroups within the larger or national culture. African American, Hispanics, and Asians represent sizable subcultures. It is inappropriate to think in terms of stereotypes when marketing to these subcultures. African Americans represent the largest racial/ethnic subculture in the united states. While price-conscious, they are motivated by product quality and choice. Indian consists of people who are either Aryans and Dravidians to a large extent. Current research indicates that stereotypes are misleadingRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 PagesDifficulty: Moderate 27) A(n) ________ need is a need that the consumer explicitly verbalizes. A) stated B) affirmative C) unsought D) delight E) secret Answer: A Page Ref: 10 Objective: 3 Difficulty: Moderate 28) The identification and profiling of distinct groups of buyers who might prefer or require varying product and service mixes is known as ________. A) segmentation B) integration C) disintermediation D) cross-selling E) customization Answer: A Page Ref: 10 Objective: 3 Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagestimes are bad, though, managers are on the front lines with employees who must be fired, who are asked to make do with less, and who worry about their futures. The difference between good and bad management can be the difference between profit and loss or, ultimately, between survival and failure. Consider Enterprise Rent-A-Car. The company prided itself on never having laid off a U.S. employee in its 51-year history. Even in the 2001–2002 recession after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, Enterprise keptRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagespositions do not match those of their reference groups.64 Mass society theorists admit that it is the complexities of modern society that generate in people the feeling of insigniï ¬ cance, which drives them to create organizations as shields against the loss of personal identity. Structural strain theoreticians, while proposing a convergence of several â€Å"objective† factors, recognize that some factors are structural (structural conduciveness) and others are social-psychological (generalized perceptionRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesobjectives, the team then disbands. Clusters therefore form, break and reform on a regular basis in order to move in time with the rhythm of the market. 3 The better use of alliances in areas such as RD so that knowledge can be shared more effectively and mutual advantage can be gained through corporate symbiosis. 4 IT-driven thinking that provides a far greater insight to customers’ patterns of thinking and behaviour, and helps to overcome the confusion caused by market fragmentation INTRODUCTION

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Do Paper for Sale - an in Depth Anaylsis on What Works and What Doesnt

Do Paper for Sale - an in Depth Anaylsis on What Works and What Doesn't The Dirty Facts on Do Paper for Sale If you are in possession of a different ethnicity, such as Hispanic, African Americans, or Asian, you ought to use a service which has compatibility for your particular ethnicity. The typical civil recovery fee in america is $250. Tempting as it's to allow the numbers speak for themselves, we must bear in mind that behind every number is an imperfect individual. Locating a wonderful agent is where lots of individuals make a mistake. Pop-up shops offer you exclusive items in a particular spot for a brief moment. On the reverse side, Amazon has had a wonderful run. Decide how much you would like to spend on groceries each week, and stick with this. The store closings at first seem weird. 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Vital Pieces of Do Paper for Sale Tell the business you like their merchandise and were wondering if they have got any coupons they can send you or set you on a mailing list. Well following is a list of 10 of the greatest stores out there which let you stack coupons. In all likelyhood, you' re likely to continue to buy your favourite brand, and you'll end up trashing that other coupon anyway. Therefore many excellent things can be achieved with coupons. You can also locate treasures at the Mexican grocery shop or Supermercado. Some stores limit the range of coupons you may use or the sum of a specific product you can purchase. Other brands may be equally as good, maybe even better. In that situation, the shop detective should note the method by which the shoplifter becomes away. Nearly every huge technology organization is investing a lot of money in AR. A cell advertising and marketing strategy is a necessity if you prefer to reach consumers in the modern digital world and grow your revenue and profits. Asian markets frequently have surprising bargains on top quality ingredients. The other markets have several players. New Questions About Do Paper for Sale Our Xerographic Plotter Paper will fulfill your production requirements regardless of what brand of equipment you're using. You're able to take an image of it and hunt for a similar model on eBay. For me, design can be quite therapeutic. It is also very internal. Q uantitative data is anything that may be placed into numbers. Even in case you don't get arrested, you'll most likely have to pay a civil fine and your own personal information is going to be entered into a retail theft database. To a certain degree, the digital economy is developed on APIs. It is possible to also hunt for certain people within the site's research database. In the event the prescription is on paper, the website should allow somebody to enter a scanned version of the prescription, just like the way banks enable customers to upload scanned checks utilizing the camera on their mobile phone. Before you commence looking for a laser paper printer online there are a few questions which you want to ask yourself. The answer proved to be a resounding no. Even as you wonder if your solution isn't feasible, you will need to believe you're solving a true issue, and you should want to fix that issue desperately. Even though it isn't as portable as the index card organi zers, binders are amazing options if you're planning on collecting a huge quantity of coupons. Be certain to get rain checks whenever the store is out of sale items which you use. Keep your smaller container or envelope for this store you're in at the peak of your coupon holder for easier access. You might discover an unadvertised special, and you don't need to get caught without your stash of coupons as you won't have the ability to benefit from the sale without them. Do Paper for Sale Secrets That No One Else Knows About You will be a whole lot more likely to stay with a budget if you know you just have as much money to spend and you're paying with cash. Attorney fees are sure to be more affordable than paying the fine, so if you're able to discover an attorney prepared to fight, it might be well worth it. If you really need to spend less, you have to be careful to not go over budget. Despite the option to save a little money going FSBO, the downside for the homeowner can b e extremely risky. 1 thing to notice is that there's a processing fee for each on-line ticket transaction. The item could possibly be small or not expensive enough to warrant spending the time needed to recover it and process the paperwork. 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Well Written free essay sample

Well-written essays incorporate the concepts of writing keeping the audience in mind so they can experience the writer’s intended point; the audience can either accept or reject the writer’s perspective. Developing an outline, planning topic sentences, and identifying supporting points are three important concepts in planning to write an essay; by applying these concepts in planning, it allows the audience to follow the flow of ideas in a writer’s final essay. In planning and writing my final essay, I will incorporate the three concepts by starting with my topic, and organize thoughts, putting them on paper so the connections and links of ideas are clear. By developing an outline, structuring my thoughts, this serves as a foundation for my paper. Making an outline, starting with main ideas, leaving spaces between each to write smaller ideas that relate to each main idea will allow me to see the connections and helps in planning topic sentences. We will write a custom essay sample on Well Written or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By this point, I can use one of the main ideas as an introductory sentence and my smaller ideas can be supporting points; the outline becomes the body of the essay and each idea argues, explains, or describes the topic. This allows my first draft to come together smoothly, I will include my thesis keeping in mind to grab the audience’s attention, and my conclusion sentence summing up ideas, providing a final perspective of the topic. Reading my first draft and making corrections will be effective in writing my final essay.

Satire Essay AP Language Essay Example

Satire Essay AP Language Paper False ethos would be making it seem like a person or a product has credibility and authority when it really does not even exist. This shows up multiple times throughout this satire. The Onion uses credible people to sell the product such as Dry. Arthur Blunt This is false ethos because he is not a real doctor, yet some people might believe what he is saying because his title is Dry. (Line 9). It also has statements from another man that has the title of Dry. named Dry. Wayne Franken (Line 41), which ivies the product false ethos appeal as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Satire Essay AP Language specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Satire Essay AP Language specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Satire Essay AP Language specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Then the Onion uses reviews from different costumers that have used the Manganese product and uses their good reviews on the product as an ethos appeal. Some of the reviews stated I twisted my ankle something awful a few months ago, and the pain was so bad, I could barely walk a single step, said Helene Kuhn of Edison, NJ. But after wearing Mismanages for seven weeks, Eve noticed a significant decrease in pain and can now walk comfortably. Just try to prove that Mismanages didnt heal me! (Line 56). This review s meant for ethos because it shows that this so called product actually works and that actual people have used it. The author added where this woman was from to make it seem more real and it worked. But the issue is that with a twisted ankle, that usually heels within a few weeks so she said she wore the product for seven weeks and felt a significant difference but it could have Just been the natural heeling process, not the Mismanages. Also before this review was put down in this writing, the author states that that Mismanages were released less than a week ago (Line 2). This proves that it is false ethos because Helene Kuhn said she had been wearing them for seven weeks, yet the product was Just released a few weeks ago. False logos is another appeal that appears in this satire writing. This shows up towards the end right before the reviews, but this is what gives away the whole satire. The doctor that did research on this product states Special resonator nodules implanted at key spots in Mismanages convert the wearers own energy to match the Earths natural vibration rate of 32. 805 Californians. What gives away the falseness of his statement is the type of measurement called Californians (Line 48). This is obviously false because the name of the doctor doing the research is Dry. Wayne Franken so the audience can see that he made this unit of measurement up and named it after himself. At first it seems like a legitimate thing but then it says Californians and the audience can clearly notice. The purpose of this is to make it so the reader Just sees research and numbers to make it seem believable but then give almost confuse and trick the reader. By using this appeal, it makes it seem as though his product is fancy and it is well known and researched thoroughly. Some Jargon used is pseudoscience (Line 5). This is fake science but if the reader did not know the prefix pseudo meant, then they most likely will be even more convinced that this product is legitimate. Another place where Jargon is shown is when Dry. Arthur Blunt states Its patented Magna- Grid design, which features more than 200 geometrically aligned Contour points, actually soothes while it heals, restoring the foots natural bio flow (Line 1 1) This is Jargon, or technical language because as a reader, and not any rotor of scientist, it is very hard to understand what this statement actually means. Yet, since this statement is coming from a doctor, it is actually believable especially from a students prospective, there is nothing at first that blatantly shows that this is a satire and the product is not real. Although there are many appeals used in this satire to try to make it seem like this product is a real thing, there are some things that give away the fact that Mismanages are fake. Some of the things are when the author states that there is pseudoscience (Line 5). This gives it away if the reader nows that the definition of pseudo means fake. It basically is saying, fake science. That is one thing that gives the satire away. Another thing is when the author states According to scientific-sounding literature This shows that the product fake and that the author is unsure of whether or not this product and research is actually scientific. There are many other types of appeals and fallacies that give this away throughout the reading but between them are hidden appeals that make this product seem real at the same time, and that is how the author gets the reader.

Meiosis Vs Meitosis essays

Meiosis Vs Meitosis essays More than one celled organisms grow by way of mitosis and the cytoplasmic division of body cells. On the other hand, meiosis occurs only in germ cells, which are put aside for the formation of gametes (sperm and egg). Reproduction by meiosis allows for species survival and it increases genetic variability. The process, during which the germ cells are generated is called meiosis. It represents nature's solution to the problem of chromosome doubling that would occur, if two diploid cells, i.e. two cells with a double set of chromosomes would fuse. Accordingly does meiosis produce haploid germ cells, with maternal and paternal germ cell fusing at fertilization and thus generating a diploid fusion product, the zygote. Meiosis is made up by two subsequent processes, both of which resemble mitosis. In the first process are the homologous chromosomes separated. It has an unusually long prophase that is subdivided into different stages They are followed by metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Two nuclei fuse upon fertilization, so that the number of chromosomes does necessarily double. If this thought is spun further, would an greater growth of the number of chromosomes from generation to generation have to be expected. This is not the case, because the chromosomes are reduced to half their normal number in germ cell production. This process is called meiosis. It consists of two successive mitosis-like divisions: in the first division is the number of chromosomes reduced to their half, the second is a normal mitosis. Each germ cell contains a complete set of chromosomes, a haploid set. Accordingly are the cells haploid and zygotes and the body cells that stem from them are diploid, because they contain two equal sets of chromosomes, one from the mother and one from the father. They exist, especially in plants. At the beginning of meiosis, in prophase 1 the plate breaksdown and chromosomes become visible as in mitosis (1). The c...

Same sex marriage vs heterosexual marriage Essay

Same sex marriage vs heterosexual marriage - Essay Example r inclusive of gay or lesbian partners which means there will be no children from either of the partners, and hence the marriage that takes place looks flawed in entirety. This is the reason why heterosexual marriages are considered the natural process to keep the ecosystem growing in a normal manner. There are no issues that the people find with heterosexual marriages since they are fundamentally based on the premise of bringing in individuals under the institution of marriage with the objective of giving birth to children. Another aspect why heterosexual marriages are deemed as successful is because they are openly accepted by the societal manifestations and hence there are no issues that are encountered by the people at large. The same sex marriages do not give this kind of liberty since they are marred by immense issues of non-acceptance even by the most immediate family members of the gay and lesbian partners. Hence acceptance is a much significant phenomenon that needs to be understood in a proper manner here. Without acceptance, the society will not come about usually as it would in a heterosexual marriage which gives more respect and dignity to the partners than a same sex marriage would do. One more aspect that is deemed as quintessential here is the fact that heterosexual marriages bank on the premise of understanding that people have an equal chance to make use of the resources present in this earth and hence they must do all that they can to interact with the society to keep the cycle growing. By this, what one means to suggest is that the childbirth aspect should not come down at any stage. The same sex marriages are dependent on just the lust factor where as the heterosexual marriages ensure more than lust alone – they are the entire code of life and should be seen as such (Allen 2006). Essentially speaking, the heterosexual and the same sex marriages have a huge amount of differences which need to be properly gauged. The heterosexual marriage is

Leisure Tourism in Switzerland Project for Microeconomics Term Paper

Leisure Tourism in Switzerland Project for Microeconomics - Term Paper Example ntry remains active in the United Nations and other international organizations and yet manages to retain strong commitments towards being a neutral entity. Here are some important facts about the country (Cowan, 2005: 7). Gross Domestic Product $659.3 billion (2011) Gross Domestic Product Growth Rate 1.10% (2011) Population 7.912 million (2011) Life Expectance 82.70 years (2011) Median 41.3 Land Area 40,000.0 Unemployment Rate 3.10% Economic Performance The per capita GDP growth in Switzerland was 1.6 in 2011, according to a report published by the World Bank in 2012. The annual percentage of the per capita GDP growth rate has been calculated based on the stable local currency (Frank, 1964:21). Figure 1. Per capita GDP growth (annual %) in Switzerland (Source: World Bank) The real gross domestic product (GDP) in Switzerland has increased by 1.10 % in the first quarter of 2013, as compared to the same quarter of the last year. The annual real GDP growth rate in the country has been r eported by the State Secretariat for Economic Affairs. From 1981 to 2013, the real GDP growth rate has been averaged at 1.66 percent. An all-time record high of 7.30 percent was reached in March of 1990. Here it should also be mentioned that a record all-time low of -3.70 was reached in June 2009. In the country, the annual growth rate in GDP shows the change in the value of the services and goods produced by the economy of the nation during the period of a year (Henry, 2008:51). Figure 2: Real GDP Annual Growth Rate of Switzerland (Source: State Secretariat for Economic Affairs) Although labor productivity continues to be the preferred choice, various economists also tend to think in terms of the total factor productivity, or TFP. The total factor productivity of the country has gone down... This paper presents a comprehensive economic analysis of the structure of Swiss economy and assesses the influence of the tourism industry performance on overall economic indicators. The real gross domestic product (GDP) in Switzerland has increased by 1.10 % in the first quarter of 2013, as compared to the same quarter of the last year. The annual real GDP growth rate in the country has been reported by the State Secretariat for Economic Affairs. From 1981 to 2013, the real GDP growth rate has been averaged at 1.66 percent Although labor productivity continues to be the preferred choice, various economists also tend to think in terms of the total factor productivity, or TFP. The total factor productivity of the country has gone down in the last year or so. Since the major recession, there was a downward and upward trend in 2009. The majority of exported goods are shipped to a number of countries from where the imported goods come in. Most of the import trade partners of the country are the industrialized countries such as Italy, Germany, France, Netherlands, USA, Great Brittan, Japan, According to a report published by the International Monetary Fund, the gross fixed investment of the country in 2012 was 20.6%. A part from this the expenditure of the foreign guests in the country has the same effect on the balance of payment of the nation as the export of goods and services. Tourism industry contributes 6% to the country’s GDP. This is the very reason due to which sometimes tourism is referred to as an invisible export.

Social Cognitive Perspective and Phenomenological Perspective

Social Cognitive Perspective and Phenomenological Perspective The quoted text is taken from Social Psychology (Hollway et al 2007, p.35). It challenges the accountability of certain methods in their ability to accurately reflect the reality of social phenomena. Implicitly understood in this statement is that qualitative methods are better suited than quantitative methods. Qualitative methods are better able to reflect richness and complexity of lived experience than quantitative methods which are capable of limiting, constraining and distorting it. This is a polemical stance that has accompanied the growth in qualitative methods since the 1980s. The Social Cognitive Perspective (SCP) and Phenomenological Perspective (PP) demonstrate how strikingly different methods can be. They have different epistemological stances and make different ontological claims. The nature of being (ontology) is understood differently in social psychology, such as the information-processing individual in a social context (SCP) or the experiencing, embodied individual in relation with  others (PP). Limitations and benefits of the SCP and the PP are illustrated by a critical review of Milgrams 1970s experiment on obedience to authority and the works of Eatough and Smith (2006) on feelings of anger in the context of the lives of individual women. Gregen, K.J. (1973) in his account of social psychology as History gave voice to a debate about the relative merits of social psychology methods. In particular whether social psychology as a discipline was scientific in nature or should be considered as contemporary history. Gregen argued that social psychology was a product of historical and cultural climates which constantly changed, producing theories and knowledge that did not prove to be consistent. In this light it was suggested that the prevailing quantitative scientific methods should give way to more descriptive accounts with appreciation for how knowledge is situated within a social-cultural-historic context. These themes of situated knowledge are highlighted by Milgrams findings on obedience to authority. Milgram demonstrated through his experimental conditions the potential for acts of cruelty to be committed by a stranger (research participant and executant) to another stranger (researcher assistant and victim) because they were following orders (researcher and authority figure). His findings have been widely cited and used in psychological text books as factual scientific accounts. They have however been criticised on a number of ethical and substantive terms (Holloway et al 2007, p.53). For example Milgram recorded that participants were observed to sweat, tremble, stutter, bite their lips, and groan as they found themselves implicated (Milgram, 1977, p. 112; in Holloway et al 2007, p.54). The use of deception and unnecessary stress to research participants is seen by many as being unjustifiable. Milgram himself was less concerned with the immediate distress caused and was satisfied that questionnaires sent after one year showed participants felt positively towards the experiment (Milgram, 1974, p.195 within Hollway et al 2007, p.52). In Milgrams time research ethics were not as developed as they are today. Arguably the overall benefit of the research was deemed more important than any minor stress caused. This insight is perhaps justifiable given Milgrams interest in trying to understand how hatred and persecution of Jews under Hitlers Nazi Germany could have happened. Milgrams experimental conditions in which one agent commands another to hurt a third reflected his underlying theory that elements of authority, executant and victim were central to obedience and hostility (Milligram, 1977, p.102; in Holloway et al 2007, p.53). Apart from ethics critics such as Harre 1979, p.105 argues that there are substantive problems with his study. Harre notes that the issue of trust was overlooked; trust as a possible response to power was likely key to participants behaviour as an executants. In fact 40% of participants did not follow the instruction to inflict pain on the victim, however these accounts are given little attention. Similarly the research setting was changed because of a perceived influence of Yale University on giving authority to the instruction to the executant. It was moved from the universitys laboratory to the basement and then to a nearby town called Bridgeport. But, Milgram, 1977, p. 116 believed that the level of obedience in Bridgeport, although somewhat reduced, was not significantly lower than that obtained at Yale with 48% vs. 65% opposed. 17% between sites can be interpreted as statistically significant (Holloway et al 2007, p.53). Ultimately the reliability and validity of Milgrams findings can be questioned on a number of points. Although Milgram sort scientific objectivity he failed to consider ethical questions fully, did not explore the relevance of the research settings or participants personal experiences. PP provides an interesting perspective to juxtapose with traditional scientific methods. It has in its own right a long established history dating back to the C18th from philosophical works by Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Jean-Paul Sartre, et al (Smith Woodruff 2009). As an approach to social psychology it became popular alongside a humanistic perspective in USA during the second half of the C20th. It seeks detailed descriptions instead of explanations for human behaviour, addressing all aspects of a topic, and suspending judgements and assumptions that may be held by the researcher (Hollway et al 2007, p131). Linda Finlay (2009) in Debating Phenomenological Research Methods acknowledges that variations in methodology have flourished within PP. The competing visions of how to practice phenomenology stem from different philosophical values, theoretical preferences, and methodological procedures. Smiths Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) is however one that has become popular. Smith argues that his idiographic and inductive method, which seeks to explore participants personal lived experiences, is phenomenological in its concern for individuals perceptions. He also, however, identifies more strongly with hermeneutic traditions which recognize the central role played by the researcher, and does not advocate the use of bracketing (Smith, 2004). The competing visions of how to practice phenomenology stem from different philosophical values, theoretical preferences, and methodological procedures. Eatough and Smith (2006) used interpretative phenomenological analysis of feelings of anger in the context of the lives of individual women. Specifically they used descriptive tools to explore three analytic themes the subjective experience of anger, forms and contexts of aggression, and anger as moral judgment. They concluded that mean making is a fundamental process in how the participants formed emotions. The descriptive accounts from the interviews with Marilyn (one of the research participants) were given as a case in point. Eatough and Smith (2006) believed that Marilyns anger towards her mother was changed by her self-reflections and counselling. It can be argued that richness and complexity provided by PP in its account of womens anger by Eatough and Smith (2006) far outreaches that by its SCP counterparts. The SCP remains however the dominant perspective in social psychology and has been helped by innovations in research methods. For example, Fazio et al (1995) work that has built on the concepts of cognitive errors and biases implicated in prejudice thinking (Fiske and Taylor, 1991). Their research has suggested that subtle forms of prejudice are now more pervasive than blatant forms. Their experiment measured response times of white undergraduates when classifying stimulus words as either being positive or negative meaning; after viewing random photos of black and white faces. They found evidence of inhibition and facilitation effects which were largely automatic, unconscious associations, between the colour of faces and positive or negative evaluations. In conclusion, the quoted text implicitly suggests that methods such as those used by SCP can be limiting, constraining and distorting but perhaps this is only half the story. Although quantification can be accused of being myopic, failing to appreciate richness and complexity in the account of the social phenomena under question they often do so knowingly. The scientific tradition of looking for cause and effect relationships in social psychology continues to be dominant over other methodologies. This reflects the willingness of the discipline to continue to strive for objectivism, statistical reliability and validity, and ultimately for the advancement of practical application. Moreover, as Gregen, K.J. (1973) noted social psychology methods are constantly adapting and evolving the work of Fazio et al (1995) on subtle forms of prejudice being testament to this. In contrast richness and complexity of qualitative methods such as PP often comes at a cost as the research is time-consu ming may have limited practical application.

Twains Huck Finn Compared To The Movie :: essays research papers

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is a classic novel about a young boy who struggles to save and free himself from captivity, responsibility, and social injustice. Along his river to freedom, he aids and befriends a runaway slave named Jim. The two travel down the Mississippi, hoping to reach Cairo successfully. However, along the way they run into many obstacles that interrupt their journey. By solving these difficult tasks, they learn life lessons important to survival. The reader will find Huck and Jim more knowledgeable at the conclusion of the novel, and notice their love for life and for each other.After reading the novel and watching the Disney film Huck Finn, one will find many dissimilarities. Many of the classic scenes have been switched around and combined in the 1993 version. There are a few scenes in particular that I will focus and comment on.The major difference between the movie and the book is an important character named Tom Sawyer, who is not present or mentioned in the film. It is evident from reading the story that Tom was a dominant influence on Huck, who obviously adores him. Tom can be seen as Huck's leader and role model. He has a good family life, but yet has the free will to run off and have fun. Tom is intelligent, creative, and imaginative, which is everything Huck wishes for himself. Because of Tom's absence in the movie, Huck has no one to idolize and therefore is more independent. Twain's major theme in the novel is the stupidity and faults of the society in which Huck lives. There is cruelty, greed, murder, trickery, hypocrisy, racism, and a general lack of morality. All of these human failings are seen through the characters and the adventures they experience. The scenes involving the King and Duke show examples of these traits. The two con-artists go through many towns playing the same tricks and scams on the gullible townspeople hoping to make money. They put on acts in the novel such as the "Nonesuch" that get them almost killed as they run out of each town. These scenes, which prove as examples of the foolish society are not in the film.The naivetà © of the Wilks sisters is disturbing to Huck who attempts to help them stop the frauds from stealing their inheritance. The movie is dissimilar to the book in that it concludes with Mary Jane and her two sisters as the heroes who save Jim from being hanged and Huck from dying of a gun wound.

Historical Background of the 1987 Constitution Essay

The history of the 1987 Constitution began on 11 April 1899, the date when the Treaty of Paris between the United and Spain of 10 December 1898 became effective upon the exchange of instruments of ratification of both countries. But the sources of the 1987 Constitution are (i) McKinley’s Instructions to the Second Philippine Commission; (ii) Spooner Amendment; (iii) Philippine Bill of 1902; (iv) Jones Law of 1916, otherwise known as the Philippine Autonomy Act; (v) 1935 Constitution; (vi) 1973 Constitution and (vi) Freedom Constitution of 1986 and its implementing orders. Treaty of Paris Under the Treaty of Paris, the Philippines was ceded by Spain to the United States. Spain relinquished its sovereignty over the Philippine Islands, and with this, all laws of a political nature were automatically abrogated. The Treaty provided that the civil and political status of all inhabitants of the islands was to be determined by the US Congress. The Philippines in turn, was not given the status of an â€Å"incorporated territory† (as to make it a candidate for statehood) and so ex proprio vigore, the US Constitution did not apply to the Philippines unless the US Congress expressly enacted its provisions. McKinley’s Instructions President McKinley, legislating as Commander-in-Chief, issued on 7 April 1900 his â€Å"Letter of Instruction to the Second Philippine Commission † under Taft. It set up a â€Å"divided civil and military government† with the existing Military governor as the Executive, and a Philippine Commission, created on 1 September 1900, as the Legislative, both representing the US President as Commander-in-Chief. It also extended to the Philippines all the rights in the Bill of Rights of the US Federal Constitution, except the right to bear arms (because the country was in rebellion) and the right to a trial by jury (because the Americans distrusted the Filipinos capacity to be a just judge of his peers). The right to jury trial of an American charged with a crime in the Philippines was denied by the courts in US v Dorr, 2 Phil 332 (1903) by virtue of the Letter of Instruction. This was the first Organic Act (a law which establishes the structure and limitations of the government) of the Philippines. What it lacked, as a constitution, were the ratification by the people, and the right of amendment (which was reserved solely to the US President). The judiciary was subsequently established on 11 June 1901, with a Supreme Court, Courts of First Instance, and Justice of Peace Courts. Spooner Amendment On 4 July 1901, the Spooner Amendment, which was actually a rider to the â€Å"Army and Navy Appropriations Act,† changed the then â€Å"divided, military and civil government† into a fully civil government, under the US Congress. All acts of the Philippine Commission would now begin: â€Å"Be it enacted by the authority of the US government,† and no longer by authority of the US President. Philippine Bill of 1902 The US Congress now in control of the Philippines, ratified all the organic acts of the President, in order to prevent disruption of government, and on 1 July 1900, passed the Philippine Bill of 1902, which was to be organic act of the Philippines from 1902 to 1906. The organic act introduced significant provisions to constitutional history. The Philippine Commission was the upper house. It was under the Governor-General who retained all the executive power, including the power to suspend the writ of habeas corpus upon recommendation of the Philippine Commission. It established an elective lower house called the Philippine Assembly, composed entirely of Filipinos. It called for the first election in the Philippines to fill up, the membership in the lower house, as soon as the Philippine insurrection stopped and there was a condition of general peace, except in the Moro and Non-Christian provinces. A census was taken and completed on 28 March 1903 and with a certification of peace and of Filipino acceptance of the US government made by the Philippine Commission on 29 March 1907, the election for the Philippine Assembly was conducted on 10 July 1907, with Osmena as speaker. The Bill also defined for the first time who the citizens of the Philippines were. They were all the inhabitants of the Philippine islands who were subjects of Spain as of 11 April 1899, who continued to reside therein, and all the children born subsequent thereto. This definition is still good law today. Jones Law On 29 August 1916, the US Congress passed the Jones Law, otherwise known as the Philippine Autonomy Act. It established a tripartite government with real separation of powers; this was the prototype of our present set-up. The executive power was in the hands of an American Governor-General, who was independent of the Legislature, and who was given the power to suspend the writ of habeas corpus and impose martial law without the recommendation of the Legislature. The Legislature was composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives, all composed of Filipinos. The judiciary continued to be made up of the Supreme Court, the CFIs and Justice of Peace Courts. Under this set-up, while the Filipinos has all the legislative power, the Americans had all the executive power and thus, also the control of the government. Thus, in the Board of Control (National Coal Corporation) cases, the US Supreme Court ruled, despite the dissent of Holmes and Brandeis, that the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House could not vote the stocks of the NCC and elect its directors because this was a political function. Only the Governor-General could vote the government shares, said the court. The definition of who were citizens of the Philippines first enunciated in the Philippine Bill of 1902, was carried over by the Jones Law. Tydings-McDuffie Law Although this was not an organic act, it is important in the constitutional history of the Philippines because it was to be the enabling statute, providing the mechanism whereby the constitution of an independent Philippines could be adopted. The law, upon its acceptance by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines, provided for (i) the calling of a Constitutional Convention to draft a Constitution for the Philippines, (ii) the adoption of a Constitution that established a republican government, with a Bill of Rights, and a separation of church and state, (iii) the submission of the draft to the US President for certification that the Constitution was in conformity with the conditions set by the Tydings-McDuffie Law, and (iv) its ratification by the people in a plebiscite. Complete independence was to take place ten (10) years after its effectivity. 1935 Constitution Accordingly, on 30 July 1934, an election was held to choose the delegates to the Constitutional Convention. Claro M. Recto was elected President of the Convention. On 8 February 1935, the Concon approved the draft. On 23 March 1935, the draft was certified by the President, Franklin Delano Roosevelt as conforming to the Tydings-McDuffie Law. On 14 May 1935, it was ratified by the people in a plebiscite, with the provisions on the qualifications of the President, Vice-President and members of Congress taking effect upon ratification. In September 1935, the first election under the 1935 Constitution was conducted with Manuel Luis Quezon as President and Sergio Osmena as Vice- President. On 15 November 1935, upon the inauguration of the Commonwealth, the 1935 Constitution took effect. This Constitution was to serve as the charter of the Commonwealth, and upon withdrawal of US sovereignty, of the Republic. The Constitution provides for a tripartite government, with the executive lodged in the President who had a six-year term, the legislative in a unicameral National Assembly, and the judiciary in a Supreme Court, CFIs and Justice of Peace Courts as before. In 1940, it was amended to provide for (a) a bicameral Congress with a Senate and a House of Representatives; (b) a term of four years for the President, but with re-election and (c) the establishment of an independent constitutional body known as the Commission on Elections. War ensued, and the Philippines was so devastated that the declaration of its independence, due 15 November 1945 had to be postponed. At any rate, on 23 April 1946, the election of the first officials of the Philippine Republic was held, and on 4 July 1946, the Republic was inaugurated and the Philippines became â€Å"politically† independent of the US. Theoretically, to an extent that sovereignty is never granted to a people but is earned by them as they assert their political will, then it is a misnomer to say that 4 July 1946 was the day US granted independence to the Philippines. More appropriately, it was the day when the US withdrew its sovereignty over the Philippines, thus giving the Filipino people an occasion to assert their own independence. But not â€Å"economically†. On 30 April 1946, one week after the election, the US Congress passed the Bell Trade Act which would grant Philippine prime exports entry to the US free of customs duties from 1946 to 1954, and a gradual increase in duties from 1954 to 1974 (Laurel-Langley agreement), provided that the Philippines would grant US citizens and corporations the same privileges, and in addition, the right to explore natural resources of the Philippines in parity with the Filipinos, and to operate public utilities. This must be accepted by Congress, embodied in an Executive Agreement, and reflected as an amendment in the Constitution. The Senate approval of this bill gave rise to the case of Vera v Avelino, 77 Phil 192 (1946). The Senate then had 11 Nacionalistas and 13 Liberals. Three Nacionalista Senators-elect (Vera, Diokno and Romero), known to be against the Bell Trade Act, were prevented by the rest of the Senate, in what is known as â€Å"exclusion proceedings,† on grounds that their elections were marred with fraud. The political motivation was clear but the SC was conned into lifting the injunction it issued for the withholding of the suspension, because of the unfulfilled promise that the Senate would not carry out the suspension. With the balance of power offset, the Bell Trade Act was passed. Subsequently, the SC had to dismiss the petition on the ground that the principle of separation of powers, it could not order a co-equal branch to reinstate a member. The Senate authorized President Roxas to enter into an Executive Agreement, which he did on 3 July 1946, the eve of the declaration of Philippine Independence. Then came the amendment of the Constitution in order to include the Parity Rights Agreement, which gave rise to the case of Mabanag v Lopez Vito, 78 Phil 1 (1947). Under the Amendatory Provisions of the 1935 Constitution, Congress, acting as constituent body, needed 3/4 vote to propose an amendment to the Constitution. But with the three Senators still suspended, only the 21 remaining were used as the basis for computing the 3/4 requirement. When this was raised in court, it begged off from ruling on the ground that it was a political question. It also used the Enrolled Bill Theory. So with the amendment proposed, it was subsequently ratified on 5 March 1947. The third time the Constitution was amended (1940, 1947) was in 1967. A Resolution of both houses provided for (a) the amendment of the Constitution by a Convention, (b) the increase of seats in the House of Representatives to make the Concon sufficiently representative, and (c) allowing members of the House as delegates without forfeiting their seats. The first was approved, the second and third were rejected. This became the subject matter of Gonzales v COMELEC. Election of delegates to the Concon took place on 10 November 1970. Then the ConCon met on 1 June 1971. Before it finished its work, it came up with a resolution calling for an amendment to the 1935 Constitution reducing the voting age from 21 to 18, so that a wider base could vote in the ratification of the Constitution then being drafted. A plebiscite was set by the COMELEC for 8 November 1971 but this was enjoined by the SC in the case of Tolentino v COMELEC, the court ruling that a piece-meal amendment was not allowed by the 1935 Constitution since it provided that the amendments were to be ratified at â€Å"an election† which meant only one election. The Court upheld its jurisdiction over the ConCon by arguing that since the Concon derived its power from the Constitution, it was thus limited by the Constitution. But it was subsequently overtaken by Martial Law. On 30 November 1972, the Convention submitted its â€Å"draft† to the President, who called on a plebiscite to ratify the Constitution. This was questioned in the case of Planas v COMELEC, 49 SCRA 105 (1973) on the ground that there can be no freedom of expression under Martial Law. But the case was rendered moot and academic when the President cancelled the plebiscite and instead held a citizens’ assembly on 10 to 15 January, 1973. On 17 January 1973, the President came up with a proclamation that the Constitution had come to full force and effect after its overwhelming ratification by the people in a viva voce vote. 1973 Constitution The validity of the ratification process was questioned in the case of Javellana v Executive Secretary, 50 SCRA 30 (1973) but the failure of the SC to come up with the necessary votes to declare the act as unconstitutional forced it into the conclusion that â€Å"there are no further obstacles to considering the constitution in force and effect.† The 1973 Constitution was amended four times. The first, in 1976, gave the President, legislative powers even if the Interim Batasang Pambansa was already operating. The second, in 1980 was not significant. It merely raised the retirement of justices of the SC from 65 to 70 as to keep Fernando for five more years. The third, in 1980 changed the form of government from Parliamentary to Presidential. The fourth, in 1984, responded to the succession problem by providing for a Vice-President. The start of the end of the Marcos years, of course, could be treated as early as 21 August 1983. But its immediate precursor was the Snap Election which the President was forced to call and set on 7 February 1986 to respond to the clamor for popular mandate. The validity of the â€Å"Snap Election Law† called by the Batasang Pambansa was raised in the case of Philippine Bar Association v COMELEC, 140 SCRA 455 (1985). The issue was raised because of the conditional letter of resignation sent by Mr. Marcos to the Batasan, making his resignation effective only upon (i) the holding of a Presidential election, (ii) the proclamation of a winner, (iii) the assumption into office by the winning candidate. It was contended that a conditional resignation was not allowed under the 1973 Constitution, for it did not create a vacancy, and without a vacancy, there was no reason to call for an election. But the SC failed to issue a preliminary injunction to enjoin the COMELEC from preparing for the election, thus making â€Å"the initially legal question into a political one.† In the meantime, the political parties have started campaigning and the people were so involved in the election that to stop it on legal grounds would frustrate their very will. And so, failing to come up with the majority to hold the Snap Election Law unconstitutional, the SC could not issue the injunction prayed for. The election went ahead. The rest is history. The results of the election were proclaimed by the Batasan, naming Marcos and Tolentino as the winners. But the February 2 to 25, 1986, EDSA revolution took place. On 25 February, Marcos was proclaimed in Malacanang by Makasiar, while Aquino was proclaimed in Club Filipino by Teehankee. Later that evening, Marcos fled to Hawaii. A. The February 1986 Revolution and the Proclamation of Provisional Constitution. Freedom Constitution What was the basis of the Aquino government? Did it assume power pursuant to the 1973 Constitution, or was it a revolutionary government? Proclamation No. 1, 25 February 1986 (Provisional government).– But Proclamation No. 3 which announced the Provisional Constitution, seemed to suggest that it was a revolutionary government, since in one of its whereases it announced that the â€Å"new government was installed, through a direct exercise of the power of the Filipino people assisted by units of the New Armed Forces,† referring to the EDSA revolution. The better view is the latter view. The Aquino government was not an offshoot of the 1973 Constitution for under that Constitution, a procedure was given for the election of the President — proclamation by the Batasan — and the candidate Batasan proclaimed was Marcos. Lawyers League v Aquino (GR Nos. 73748, 73972 & 73990, May 22, 1986).– This view was affirmed in Lawyers League v Aquino where the legitimacy of the Aquino government is questioned on the ground that it was not established pursuant to the 1973 Constitution. The SC ruled that petitioners had no personality to sue and their petition states no cause of action. â€Å"For the legitimacy of the Aquino government is not a justiciable matter. It belongs to the realm of politics where only the people of the Philippines are the judge. And the people have made the judgment; they have accepted the government of President Aquino which is in effective control of the entire country so that it is not merely a de facto government but in fact and law a de jure government. Moreover, the community of nations has recognized the legitimacy of the present government. All the eleven members of this Court as reorganized, have sworn to uphold the fundamental law of the Republic under her government.† The Aquino government was a result of a â€Å"direct state action.† It was not as if a small group revolted and succeeded in wresting power in the end. Rather, the entire state revolted and overthrew the government, so that right from the beginning, the installation was already lawful and the government was at all times de jure. In this regard, it must be noted that there is no such thing as a constitutional right of revolution. A revolution, from the point of view of a State, is always lawful since a State can never go wrong; it can change its government in whatever way the sovereign sees fit. But this right of revolution, inherent in sovereignty, cannot be recognized in a Constitution, for this would be self-destructive. The nature of a Constitution is to set-up a government and provide for an orderly way to change this government. A revolution contradicts this nature. Proclamation No. 3, March 25, 1986 (Provisional Constitution).– At any rate, the Provisional Constitution or Freedom Constitution was adopted on 25 March 1986 through Proclamation No. 3. It abrogated the legislative provisions of the 1973 Constitution, modified the provisions regarding the executive department, and totally reorganized the government. (Its use of the 1973 Constitution, however, is not be to construed that it was a continuation thereof.) Then it provided for the calling of a Constitutional Commission, composed of 30 to 50 members appointed by the President within 60 days. (In our history, all major constitutions — Malolos, 1935, 1971 — were drafted by elected delegates.) The President appointed 48 Commissioners, who worked on the Constitution from 1 June to 15 October 1986. The draft was submitted to the people in a referendum on 2 February 1987. On 11 February 1987, the President, through Proclamation No. 58, announced its overwhelming ratification by the people and that, therefore, it had come into force and effect. In Re: Saturnino Bermudez (145 SCRA 160)(1960).– In the case of In Re: Saturnino Bermudez , the SC held, quoting the previous case of Lawyers League v Aquino, that: [T]he legitimacy of the Aquino government is not a justiciable matter. It belongs to the realm of politics where only the people of the Philippines are the judge. And the people have made the judgment; they have accepted the government of President Aquino which is in effective control of the entire country so that it is not merely a de facto government but in fact and law a de jure government. Moreover, the community of nations has recognized the legitimacy of the present government. All the eleven members of this Court as reorganized, have sworn to uphold the fundamental law of the Republic under her government.

The impact of the French Revolution on Ballet - 2183 Words

The impact of the French Revolution on Ballet The French Revolution was a bloody civil war that lasted from the years 1789-1799. [1] The revolution arose out of hard economic times that had befallen France. Widespread famine and hunger, due to a grain shortage, rampaged through sections of the country. The economic crisis led to an increase in taxes on the lower classes, known as the third estate, to upkeep the lavish lifestyle of the nobility. [1] All of these are the known factors that led to the rise of the French Revolution. The revolution emphasized the ideals of â€Å"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity† and was characterized by the strong will of the French people who stood up for what they believed in. It was also an extremely†¦show more content†¦[4] Costumes during the period immediately preceding the Revolution, commonly known as the Baroque period, were extremely showy. Dances were typically cold and extremely stylized, they did not seek to connect with the audience but rather to astound them with extreme wealth. Watching a ballet from the time period would more likely leave the audience in awe at the scenery and intricacies rather than feeling raw emotion from a moving storyline. Ballet’s that were shown in the theaters leading up to the fall of the Bastille were always subject to scrutiny and censorship. Each ballet or play that was shown on stage had to be consistent with the political and social views of the monarchy. Ballet was rooted in court life, and it was not as widely available to the common people. As such, it had to adapt in order to survive this particularly deadly and brutal period in time. The ballet’s that the court was accustomed to seeing were disconnected from the lower class, just like the actual courtiers themselves. Ballet is just one example of why exactly the French people rose up against their government. They spent massive amounts of money on an opulent lifestyle while the peasants could not even afford bread. However, just because the sty le of dance that was established was out of touch with the revolutionaries does not mean that dance did not thrive and adapt to the times. During the Revolution, ballet took on three distinct forms: ballet based inShow MoreRelatedDifference Between Ballet And Ballet1544 Words   |  7 Pagesof dance, styles including ballet or modern have changed in both technique and expression, and their popularity has constantly fluctuated. From the 16th century until present day, ballet specifically has fallen in and out of favor and gone through multiple periods of artistic scarcity to prosperity. One peak of its popularity was during the Romantic era when creativity and innovation were thriving among choreographers and dancers. 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